Smart Pulse Discharge and Battery Charge Management Controller

  This controller is a smart power management device that integrates high-precision pulse discharge and charge management functions. Based on a high-performance MCU core, the system integrates a high-power MOSFET array and a precision pulse generation circuit. It supports dual modes of constant-current DC discharge and high-voltage pulse discharge, featuring comprehensive battery capacity monitoring, timing logic, and human-machine interaction. It can effectively discharge battery capacity while preventing over-discharge.

Basic DC Discharge Mode:

• Load Characteristics: Constant current/constant power discharge, with an equivalent output voltage set to DC 8.0V.
• Continuous Discharge Current: 2.8A (Continuous stable operation).

High-Voltage Pulse Mode:

• Pulse Frequency: 2Hz.
• Duty Cycle: 10%.
• Peak Pulse Voltage: 18V.
• Current Characteristics: Average current of 0.36A, with a momentary peak current of up to 3.6A, used for battery plate activation or internal resistance testing.

Power Specifications:

• Total Power Limit: The system’s maximum thermal dissipation and output power are limited to 30W.

Battery Management Parameters:

• Discharge Cutoff Voltage: Single cell 2.9V (Precise detection to prevent over-discharge).
• Capacity Release Target: Ensures that 90% of the total battery capacity is released before the cutoff threshold is reached.

Power Drive Stage:

• High-Current MOSFET Array: Multiple high-power MOSFETs are onboard, operating in parallel to share the 2.8A continuous current and 3.6A pulse surge current, effectively reducing on-resistance and heat generation.
• Energy Storage and Filtering Inductors: Large shielded power inductors combined with solid-state capacitors are used to smooth the pulse current waveform, ensuring the stability of the 18V pulse and the purity of the DC output.

Main Control and Detection Unit:

• MCU Controller: The core processing unit responsible for PWM pulse generation, ADC voltage sampling, and logical timing control.
• Buzzer: Located in the center of the board to provide an audible alert upon task completion.

Interface Layout:

• Battery Input Terminal: Located at the bottom of the board, featuring large solder pads or terminal blocks to support high-current input.
• USB Interfaces: Multiple USB ports are reserved at the top, potentially used for power supply or as output channels.
• Data Upload Reserved Area: The board reserves module mounting space and communication interfaces to support future IoT expansion.

To ensure the safety of both the battery and the equipment, the controller incorporates multiple hardware and software protection mechanisms:

• No-Load Protection: The system features load detection functionality. Discharge is prohibited and the timer will not start if no load is connected, preventing operational errors.

• Over-Discharge Protection (UVLO): Real-time monitoring of cell voltage; the discharge circuit is immediately cut off once the 2.9V cutoff threshold is reached.

• Over-Current and Short-Circuit Protection: If the current abnormally exceeds the 3.6A peak or a short circuit occurs, the hardware circuit shuts down the MOSFETs within milliseconds.

• Thermal Protection: Monitors the temperature of power components to prevent overheating damage during full 30W load operation.

TFT Display Interaction:

• Battery Level Display: Displays the remaining capacity percentage in 1% minimum increments.
• Status Indication: Clearly displays working states such as “Standby” (Ready) and “Finish” (End).

Timing Logic:

• Default Duration: A single operation cycle is set to 30 minutes.
• Non-Cumulative Timing: If stopped midway, restarting will initiate a new 30-minute cycle without accumulating the previous runtime.

Audio/Visual Alerts:

• Completion Reminder: After the 30-minute countdown ends, the buzzer emits ten intermittent “beeps” as a strong alert.
• Auto Power-Off: After the alert sounds finish, the system automatically enters a power-off or deep sleep state to save energy.

• Data Upload Module: Dedicated interfaces and physical mounting space are reserved to support external communication modules (such as 4G/NB-IoT/Wi-Fi).

• Data Logging: Capable of recording and uploading the device’s usage count and cumulative runtime to facilitate remote O&M and lifespan management.